araf in Middle Welsh

IPA: /ˈarav/ Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], araf [error-unrecognized-form], haraf [prothesis-h] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Brythonic *araβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *aramos (“quiet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₁-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest; quiet”). Cognate with Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”), रात्री (rātrī, “night”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”), German Ruhe (“rest”). Etymology templates: {{inh|wlm|cel-bry-pro|*araβ̃}} Proto-Brythonic *araβ̃, {{inh|wlm|cel-pro|*aramos|t=quiet}} Proto-Celtic *aramos (“quiet”), {{inh|wlm|ine-pro|*h₁r̥h₁-mo-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₁-mo-, {{der|wlm|ine-pro|*h₁reh₁-|id=rest|t=to rest; quiet}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest; quiet”), {{cog|sa|ईरमा|t=to keep still|tr=īrmā́}} Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”), {{cog|grc|ἐρωή|t=rest}} Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”), {{cog|de|Ruhe|t=rest}} German Ruhe (“rest”) Head templates: {{head|wlm|adjective}} araf

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "araf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*araβ̃"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *araβ̃",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*aramos",
        "t": "quiet"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *aramos (“quiet”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁r̥h₁-mo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₁-mo-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁reh₁-",
        "id": "rest",
        "t": "to rest; quiet"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest; quiet”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ईरमा",
        "t": "to keep still",
        "tr": "īrmā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρωή",
        "t": "rest"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Ruhe",
        "t": "rest"
      },
      "expansion": "German Ruhe (“rest”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *araβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *aramos (“quiet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₁-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest; quiet”). Cognate with Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”), रात्री (rātrī, “night”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”), German Ruhe (“rest”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "araf",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haraf",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "prothesis-h"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "araf",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 17 2 0 4 0 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 19 2 0 3 0 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "slowness",
          "translation": "slowness",
          "word": "araueð"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slow, leisurely"
      ],
      "id": "en-araf-wlm-adj-9vj-zT~z",
      "links": [
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ],
        [
          "leisurely",
          "leisurely"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈarav/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "araf"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "slowness",
      "translation": "slowness",
      "word": "araueð"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "araf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*araβ̃"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *araβ̃",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*aramos",
        "t": "quiet"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *aramos (“quiet”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁r̥h₁-mo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₁-mo-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁reh₁-",
        "id": "rest",
        "t": "to rest; quiet"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest; quiet”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ईरमा",
        "t": "to keep still",
        "tr": "īrmā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρωή",
        "t": "rest"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Ruhe",
        "t": "rest"
      },
      "expansion": "German Ruhe (“rest”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *araβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *aramos (“quiet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₁-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest; quiet”). Cognate with Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”), रात्री (rātrī, “night”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”), German Ruhe (“rest”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "araf",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haraf",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "prothesis-h"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "araf",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Welsh adjectives",
        "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle Welsh lemmas",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
        "Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
        "Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slow, leisurely"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ],
        [
          "leisurely",
          "leisurely"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈarav/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "araf"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: araf/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "araf"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "araf",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: araf/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
  "path": [
    "araf"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "araf",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (e973cf0 and ae80fde). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"araf" meaning in Middle Welsh

Adjective